Can Sugar in the Gas Tank Really Kill Your Engine

Weve all heard the urban legend that pouring sugar into a cars gas tank will kill the engine. Does the sugar turn into a gooey sludge, gumming up the moving parts, or does it caramelize and fill your cylinders with nasty carbon deposits? Is it really the nasty, evil prank its made out to be? If the sugar got to the fuel injectors or cylinders, it would be bad business for you and your car, but that would be because any particulate will cause problems, not because of the chemical properties of sugar. Thats why you have a fuel filter. A Solubility Experiment Even if sugar  (sucrose) could react in an engine, it  doesnt dissolve in gasoline, so it cant circulate through the machine. This isnt just a calculated solubility  but rather is based on an experiment. In 1994, forensics professor  John Thornton at the University of California, Berkeley,  mixed gasoline with sugar marked with radioactive carbon atoms. He used a centrifuge to spin out the undissolved sugar and measured the radioactivity of the gas to see how much sugar dissolved. This turned out to be less than a teaspoon of sugar per 15 gallons of gas, which isnt enough to cause a problem. If you have less than a full tank of gas at the time its sugared, a smaller amount of  sucrose will dissolve because there is less solvent. Sugar is  heavier than gas, so it sinks to the bottom of the gas tank and decreases the amount of fuel you can add to the auto. If you hit a bump and some sugar gets suspended, the fuel filter will catch a small amount. You may need to change the fuel filter more often until the problem clears up, but its not likely the sugar would clog the fuel line.  If its a whole bag of sugar, then youll want to take the car in and have the gas tank removed and cleaned out, but this is not a difficult task for a mechanic and will run you about $150. Thats not good, but infinitely better than replacing an engine. What Can Kill Your Engine? Water in gas will stall a cars engine because it disrupts the combustion process. Gas floats on water (and sugar does dissolve in water), so the fuel line fills water rather than gas, or a mixture of water and gasoline.  This doesnt kill the engine, however, and can be cleared up by giving a fuel treatment a few hours to work its chemical magic.

Sirhan Sirhan Assassin of Robert F. Kennedy

Sirhan Sirhan (b. 1944) is a Palestinian who shot and killed Robert F. Kennedy and wounded five others at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles on June 5, 1968. He stood trial and was sentenced to the death penalty, but his sentence was converted to life imprisonment when California declared the death penalty unconstitutional. Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. has suggested that he believes Sirhan did not act alone. Fast Facts: Sirhan Sirhan Known For: Assassin of Senator Robert F. KennedyBorn: March 19, 1944 in Jerusalem, Mandatory PalestineEducation: Pasadena City College (no degree)Sentence: Life imprisonment Early Life Sirhan Bishara Sirhan was born to an Arab-Christian family in Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine on March 19, 1944. His childhood was shaped by the Arab-Israeli violence surrounding the birth of Israel in 1948. An older brother was killed by a military vehicle fleeing sniper fire. His father, Bishara, was embittered by unemployment and dislocation to Jordanian-controlled East Jerusalem and became abusive to his wife and children. The Sirhans emigrated to the United States in 1957 and settled in the Los Angeles suburb of Pasadena when Sirhan was about 12. Not long after, Bishara abandoned the family and returned to Jordan. Sirhan struggled in school before graduating in 1963, at which point he embarked on a series of odd jobs. His dream was to become a jockey. Standing just over five feet tall and weighing only 115 pounds, he had the right build, but despite intense training, he proved to be a poor rider. During a training session in 1966, he was thrown from his mount and knocked unconscious, ending his career before it even started. "Kennedy Must Die" Family and friends later noted that Sirhan was much more prone to anger following his concussion. He had never been political, but by the end of 1967, he had grown obsessed with the Arab-Israeli conflict and the Six-Day War in June of that year. Notebooks found by investigators seemed to show that Sirhan fixated on Senator Robert Kennedy’s support for Israel. After Kennedy promised in a May 1968 campaign speech to send fifty fighter jets to Israel if he were elected, Sirhan wrote in a notebook that â€Å"Kennedy must die before June 5th, the first anniversary of the Six-Day War. Assassination of Robert Kennedy Kennedy was scheduled to be in Los Angeles on the night of June 4, 1968 for the state’s Democratic primary. Sirhan spent part of the day at a shooting range, practicing with his .22 caliber Iver-Johnson Cadet revolver. In the evening, he began to case the Ambassador Hotel, quickly assessing that Kennedy would pass through the kitchen behind the ballroom where he would deliver his victory speech. Sirhan tucked himself in a corner of the kitchen and waited. At around 12:15 am on June 5, Kennedy and his entourage entered the kitchen and began to greet the staff. Sirhan stepped out and opened fire, hitting Kennedy once in the head and twice in the back. Before he was tackled by bystanders, Sirhan managed to empty his weapon, striking United Auto Workers official Paul Schrade, ABC News unit manager William Weisel, reporter Ira Goldstein, campaign volunteer Irwin Stoll, and Kennedy fan Elizabeth Evans. All five survived. Kennedy was rushed into emergency surgery nearby Good Samaritan Hospital, but the damage to his brain was too extensive. He died 26 hours later at 1:44 am on June 6, 1968. Aftermath and Trial Sirhan was arrested at the scene and confessed to the shooting. With his guilt not at issue, his defense team worked with prosecutors on a plea agreement that would spare the 24-year old the death penalty. Judge Herbert Walker rejected the plea deal.  Lee Harvey Oswald had been killed before he could stand trial for the murder of President John F. Kennedy in 1963, sowing doubts about the events surrounding the assassination.  He was determined that Sirhan should face a trial by jury.  Ã‚   The trial lasted from February 12 to April 23, 1969 and was marked throughout by Sirhan bizarre behavior and frequent outbursts. At one point, he demanded Walker remove his attorneys and accept his guilty pleas. â€Å"What do you want to do about the penalty?† Walker asked. â€Å"I will ask to be executed,† Sirhan replied. Walker denied the request. In the end, both Sirhan and his defense team showed he was a disturbed young man prone to fits of rage and memory lapses. The prosecution showed he was capable of planning and carrying out a murder. The jury found him guilty and sentenced him to death. Behind Bars Sirhan was taken to San Quentin to await execution, but less than two years into his sentence, the California Supreme Court declared the death penalty unconstitutional and his sentence was converted to life imprisonment. Over the past 46 years, Sirhan has argued that he was drunk on the night of the assassination and didn’t realize what he was doing, that he had been brainwashed by others to commit the murder, and that he was acting under the influence of hypnosis. His legal team has been unable to get him a new trial to examine what they say is evidence he was the victim of a conspiracy. He’s also been denied parole more than a dozen times. Since 2013, Sirhan has been housed at the Richard J. Donovan Correctional Facility in San Diego County. He was visited there around Christmas 2017 by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., who has long believed that Sirhan did not act alone on the night his father was killed.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I was disturbed that the wrong person might have been convicted of killing my father,† Kennedy told reporters. â€Å"My father was the chief law enforcement officer in this country. I think it would have disturbed him if somebody was put in jail for a crime they didn’t commit.† Sources Ayton, M. (2019).  The Forgotten Terrorist: Sirhan Sirhan and the Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy Paperback. S.l.: University of Nebraska Press.Kaiser, R. B. (1971).  R. F.K. must die!: A history of the Robert Kennedy assassination and its aftermath. New York: Grove Press.Moldea, D. E. (1997).  The killing of Robert F. Kennedy: An investigation of motive, means, and opportunity. New York: W.W. Norton.

Diminishing Influence of Biblical Values - 1278 Words

â€Å"The Diminishing Influence of Biblical Values in Public Life Today† Thomas Jefferson called him â€Å"truly the man of the Revolution† and he will always be remembered in American history for his important contributions to the American Revolution. This man is Samuel Adams, â€Å"the Father of the American Revolution.† A graduate from Harvard University, Samuel Adams failed in business before becoming a politician. Although, he was a popular leader in America, many controversies surrounded him. He was one of the staunch supporters of Republicanism in America. The system of committee of correspondence , formed by Samuel Adams and his associates played an important role in uniting like-minded Americans from all the thirteen colonies. He also†¦show more content†¦He then became a delegate at the Fist Continental Congress and the Second Continental Congress. He also helped draft the ‘Declaration of Rights’ and the ‘Articles of Confederation’ after. Therefore, I feel that Adams would stay behind the scen es, but when America needed him, he would be there to end the fight. Because Samuel Adams was a Christian man, I feel that he would be pushing to turn America back to her founding principles. Editorial Religion and biblical law cannot be separated from life in general and politics in particular. Politics has to do with civil government. Politicians get elected, make laws, tax, spend, regulate, and control. Every law passed and every spending decision is based on some moral system. This is where the Bible comes in. All morality is based on a religion. The Bible says, â€Å"Thou shalt not steal.† Right there is the common and basic law against theft. What we believe religiously will affect our political beliefs and practices. If we as Americans could only follow the basic standards set for us in the Bible and follow the values, the standard would be balanced. Yet, when religion or morality becomes separated from decision making, convenience becomes the standard. We are then left with two options: either God’s word serves as the State’s standard of the state decides upon its own standard. America has notShow MoreRelatedThe View Of Church Health988 Words   |   4 Pages increases in world population, and a diminishing influence upon culture have captured the attention of leaders across denominational boundaries and force a renewed examination of what it means to be a healthy church. Although the church landscape continues to change, the premise for a healthy church dates back to the inception. Biblical treatise of the healthy church issue bears witness that regardless of the culture, time in history, or cultural influence, the church finds her roots in the pagesRead MoreThe Influence Of Foreign Oppression1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influence of Foreign Oppression During the 13th century, tragedy struck the Chinese people as thousands suffered and died due to the harsh tyranny of their invader. The Mongols, the nomadic people of Northern Asia, invaded China in a series of attacks centered on overthrowing Chinese dynasty. Thousands of innocent Chinese lives, including women and children, died at the feet of the Mongols. During the Mongol Conquest of China, the Chinese inhabitants were greatly persecuted and suffered inhumanRead MoreComparing Roman And Greek Mythology1354 Words   |  6 PagesRomans borrowed a significant amount of their myths and gods from the Greeks. Although Roman and Greek mythology have a few components in common, they also have many various aspects that cause differences in their cultures. First of all; values, morals, traditions, and concerns are the kind of things that myths emulate about a culture. On some occasions the myths provided the people with moral instruction, while at other times the myths’ primary purpose was entertainment. Encompassed byRead MorePropaganda And Persuasion, Garth s. Jowett And Victoria O Donnell1734 Words   |  7 Pagesand Goldwater becomes president. This advertisement does not directly state that Goldwater could start a war, but alludes that his extreme views could put the U.S. at risk. This advertisement’s intent is also to portray Goldwater as an extremist, diminishing his chance to build a moderate image to appeal to more voters. (U) The context in which this propaganda occurs is an era with a prevailing mood of fear, unrest, and uncertainty. Americans feared the threat of mutually assured destruction fromRead More The Success of Judaism Essay2122 Words   |  9 Pages Judaism has survived throughout history by being flexible and by admitting foreign influences into its practice. Its success in the 21st century depends on its ability to continue doing this in response to the pressures of modernity. Judaism has endured the challenges imposed upon it, by its ability to preserve deep-rooted traditions of the past. It is through maintaining customs from preceding times that defines the foundations of modern day Jewish practice, be it through observance, prayer orRead MoreReligion : Religion As A Culture2134 Words   |  9 Pagesthe only developed nation in the survey where a majority of citizens reported that religion played a very important role in their lives, an opinion similar to that found in Latin America. Although participation in organized religion has been diminishing, the public life and popular culture of the United States incorporates many Christian ideals specifically about redemption, salvation, conscience, and morality. Examples are popular culture obsessions with confession and forgiveness, which extendsRead MoreUnderstanding Diversity Within Society Essay4388 Words   |  18 Pagesand self concept. †¢ Gender: is a social influence that affects how we understand ourselves. The gender state of being male or female, for example women are expected to think, dress and behave differently from men. †¢ Culture: the diffrence between chritian culture and muslim culture are: For the Christian their culture is: Christian Culture is one among a growing number of ministries dedicated to understanding and applying a consistent, Biblical worldview. Our goal is to help educate andRead MoreAmerican History : The World s Richest Woman The Witch Of Wall Street 2033 Words   |  9 Pageslabor of work, while she was condemned to the pains of childbirth and motherhood. Perhaps the root of all gender stereotypes stems from the age old biblical confessions of rigid gender roles and the notion that women owe their existence to men (McAlexander). Preconceptions about the origins of women, specifically colonial Puritanical religious values, fostered the oppression of feminine identity by males in power. Anglican women in the Virginia colonies who sought out roles of leadership were ultimatelyRead MoreTransformational Leadership3693 Words   |  15 PagesResearch 2010, p. 1). In today’s real-world workplace, business professionals are struggling with a more chal lenging, complex, and competitive environment than any other time in history (Cameron 2003). Coming in right alongside with these problems is diminishing trust in leaders among employees (Heavey et al. 2011). In turn this brings up the argument that it is time for an updated leadership model in this modern social age, because when individually used these old models no longer seem to be effectiveRead MoreManipulating The Masses : How Propaganda Strengthened Nazism2701 Words   |  11 Pagescontrol them through manipulation and save brute force as a last result. â€Å"Propaganda, propaganda, propaganda. All that matters is Propaganda.† By enacting this program Hitler was able to affect not only the political atmosphere but constantly influence Germans through their common activities outside of demonstrations and rallies. The constant repetition of propaganda and behavioral modifiers promoted Hitler’s power and the overall power of the Fascist party. Everything that addressed Hitler was

Generational Accounting Organizing Theory and Application

Question: Discuss about the Generational Accounting for Organizing Theory and Application. Answer: Introduction: It can be said that the principles-based standards require a particular conceptual framework and the reason behind this is that if there is no particular framework in order to construct the financial statements, then accounting standards would develop randomly (Deegan, 2013). This will create confusion in the society and it can be said that haphazard way will create obstacle in the way of dealing with the issues. Moreover, this might result into standards that might be considered as inconsistent along with the legislation or with each other. In addition to this, a single conceptual framework helps in preparing and using the financial statements and also to understand the accounting practices as well as accounting standards as these are prepared on the basis of the common ideology. In addition to this, a particular conceptual framework helps in guiding the unusual transactions that might otherwise be considered as open for interpretation (Freeman et al., 2014). Additionally, it is als o considered that the conceptual framework helps in improving the entire credibility of the accounting profession. The other purposes for preparing the conceptual framework include firstly, this assists the IASB in developing the accounting standards of the near future and in reviewing the present accounting standards, which ensures the consistency across the standards. Secondly, it has been found that this helps in promoting the harmonization of the present regulations, procedures and accounting standards that are associated with the financial statement presentation. Thirdly, preparation of conceptual framework helps the national standard-setting authorities to develop the accounting standards (national). Fourthly, this helps the users in interpreting the information from the financial statements (Bonin, 2013). Fifthly, the conceptual framework assists the auditors to form an estimation based on the estimation regarding the compliance of the financial statements with the internati onal accounting standards. Lastly, it can be said that the purpose of preparing conceptual framework is important as it provides information regarding its accounting standards formulation approach to the interested people. The IASB and FASB should share a common conceptual framework and the reason behind this is that if the framework, rules and regulations of different standards vary then it will create obstacles in the process of merger and acquisition (Deegan, 2012). Moreover, it can be said that if two companies that follow two different standards merge then it will create confusion regarding the standards to be followed in the new company or in the merged organization. Therefore, it is important for every standard to follow some of the similar standards as the basic concept of the accounting theories is same. In addition to this, if a particular organization starts overseas business, then it will face various troubles and challenges regarding the adaptation of the accounting standards as it will affect the operation and regulation of the particular firm in the overseas countries (Bryer, 2013). Therefore, the conceptual framework should be common such that it helps the organization to run smoothly, profitably and efficiently in the home country as well as in the host country. Additionally, if an individual intends to compare the financial performance and financial position of two firms of similar industry, then he might face trouble if the two firms follow two different accounting standards that are having totally different conceptual frameworks. Therefore, every kind of accounting standards should follow the basic rules of accounting theories and thus the accounting standards like IASB and FASB should share a common conceptual framework (Jones, 2015). The IFRS framework addresses the qualitative features of practical financial information, the goals of financial reporting and the reporting entity. In addition to these, this framework addresses the concepts of capital maintenance and capital along with the definition, measurement and recognition of the elements that helps in constructing the financial statements. It has been found that the conceptual framework is more important for the primary parties than the other parties. The primary users include the potential and existing lenders, investors and other creditors who utilize the various data and information for making any decision regarding selling, buying or holding debt or equity instruments (Ward James, 2015). It also provides information about setting or providing loans and different forms of credits. It can be said that the primary users require information regarding the entitys resources but not only for assessing the prospects of the entity for net cash inflows in future. However, it also helps in measuring the efficiency and affectivity of the management regarding the discharge of the responsibilities for using the present resources of the entity. The IFRS framework is not capable to provide all information, which is required by the primary users for making economic decisions (Mohammadi, 2015). Thus, other sources are also required for taking proper economic decisions. Nevertheless, the other parties like market regulators and prudential regulators might found the general purpose financial reports as useful. However, the Board regarded that the goals of this might not be consistent. Therefore, the regulators are not counted as a primary user and additionally, the general-purpose financial reports are not mainly directed towards the other parties or regulators. The cross-cutting issues are defined as the taking of uncertainty into the account for measuring a liability or an asset. It has been found that the Boards possess an education session for understanding and evaluating the various ways with the aim to address the uncertainty that takes place during two particular conditions (Al-Htaybat von Alberti-Alhtaybat, 2013). In order to measure the liability and asset, it is essential to deduce the range of possible results to a single measure. Additionally, the education session is compared with various measures that are available potentially to serve relevant information to the users and to act as the reasonable proxy for various other measures based on the grounds of cost-benefit. These include firstly, a liability or an asset is measured through the reference for the cash flows in future. Secondly, the condition is that the cash flows of the future are uncertain (Barthel, 2014). Some examples of cross cutting issues include contingent li ability, contingent assets, provision for liability and many more. The financial statements that are prepared based on the historical costs generally do not lead to fair and true presentation of the performance of an entity or of the future potential only if the capital is not maintained properly. In addition to this, the real assessment or examination of the performance by using various ratios like return on capital is considered as worthless. Moreover, it can be stated that the assessment of the performance that can be done by the help of ratios are considered as meaningless only if the profit amount of the firm as per the financial statements are overstated, assets are appreciated under combination of conferences (Parker, 2012). Based on the detailed study, it can be said that there are various limitations or disadvantages regarding usage of historical cost accounting in calculating the financial statements. These include firstly, the depreciation that is charged historically for the costs of the assets is only considered as an arbitrary amount that is based on the out-of-date values. Moreover, this is estimated as useful economic lives. Secondly, in case of preparation of financial statements based on the historical costs, the depreciation charges are not considered into account as real replacement expenses of assets at present prices. Thirdly, profit will not imitate the real costs of trading that involve the replacement of the properties at certain point of time (Banerjee, 2014). However, by not bookkeeping for price rises, there is no declaration regarding the entity for maintaining the capital base. In addition to these, overstated profits by the way of undercharging depreciation that is constructed based on the historical cost. Additionally, the charging expense of sales at the rate of historical cost of the inventories can result into the depletion of the capital of an entity by high tax charges along with distributions. The historical costs method of accounting gives a constant basis for the firms to build the accounts. Moreover, it has been found that the inflation impacts the markets as well as the various products and thus, entities to various degrees (Shouhua Chunhua, 2012). Lastly, the historical cost accounting has been found to be difficult for the shareholders and the analysis of assessing the actual performance along with management ability, as the changes of the situations of the current market are not considered for the historical valuation basis. In other words, it can also be said that the accounting helps in measuring the transactions at the historical cost. Thus, the main issues regarding measurement are the divergence of the written-down values of the historical cost from the external sou rces of influence. For instance, the external sources of influence include changes in the prices of the market, inflation and characteristics of the property that are being measured (Risthaus Grimme, 2013). It can also be said that the historical cost accounting is a derived kind of measurement system started from the allocating expenses and the particular assets are simply left over and/ or balances the amounts and does not indicate the financial value. As per the question, the quoted line indicates that the particular argument is regarding relevance. In addition to this, it has been found that the historical costs are old-fashioned and thus, it is not pertinent as a measure of the economic reality. Therefore, the researchers should take into the accounts of the markets and/ or guesses the measurement of the economic reality. Moreover, these estimates of measuring the economic reality are considered as relevant for making any decision regarding the financials. In the year 2002, the FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) proposed to produce various standards depending upon the principles-based accounting that is considered as an explicit commitment for using its conceptual framework with the aim to modify the financial accounting. Therefore, this is considered as a proposal that assists the accounting for the economic reality. The valuation generally depends on the characteristics of the asset that are being measured. These include assets that are traded in market price within the established markets, cash or monetary assets and various other intangibles. However, in the particular case, the intangibles include the value that is derived from the cash flows of the future and the spontaneous operations. In addition to these, it has been found that the economic reality alters according to those who stipulate the information (Dyckman Zeff, 2015). The economic reality for the investors is the earnings or the cash flows of the future. How ever, for the traders it is considered as the present market selling price and for the manufacturers it is the present buying price and for the auditors this is the historical transactions. The historical costs are considered as the reliable costs only if the simple mathematical calculations are checked that is verifiability. However, the particular case study mentions other different interpretations. These include verifiability and precision against the estimates of the market and/ or the market prices. Opined to Miller Power (2013), it can be said that the help of the historical cost accountants essentially interprets the reliability. The reason behind this is that this interpretation can be done through verifiability and also by the accountants who are market based as reliability with the aim to make decisions regarding economy. Therefore, it can be said that the accounting reliability is associated with the financial information that can be verified and can be used continuously by both the creditors and the investors with similar outcomes. However, it can be said that the reliability implies the dependability of the financial statements. It has been found that the FASB is much concerned about the reliability of the information of the financial statements. Generally, the FASB describes the reliability of the financial information by the help of the three particular attributes. These include verifiability, representational faithfulness and neutrality. It has been found that the accounting for the environmental exposure is considered as one of the six issues that are counted as an important factor to the SEC and no environmental particular GAAP has been issued yet. Generally, the accountants mainly trust on the present GAAP that are FASB 5 and FIN 14 in order to account for the environmental issues (Van Mourik, 2013). As a result, it can be said that the demand for the accountants increased and this might become familiar to the potential and substance of the financial treatment of the environmental expenses and liabilities. At present, the key issue regarding financial accounting within the environmental accounting is to estimate and record the environmental liabilities in the fiscal statements. However, the most common practice is the treatment of the environmental expenses as a loss contingency. It has been noted that FASB 5 is liable for providing guidance in order to define and determine the process by which loss contingencies are reported. On the other hand, FIN 14 provides accurate guidance for estimating them. As per FASB 5, the loss contingency is defined as an existing situation, condition and/ or set of circumstances that includes uncertainty in order to probable loss or gain to a business. Additionally, this might get finally resolved, especially when one or more of the events in the future take place or fail to take place. Moreover, it can be said that the environmental liabilities frequently fit the particular description. It can be said that the probability of the noncompliance of a firm with its environmental regulations is considered as the uncertain condition (Dobija Kurek, 2013). Moreover, the future event helps to resolve the particular uncertain situation and thus it has been declared by the regulatory agencies that the firm might or might not be liable for paying the damages that is for destructing the environment. It has been found that in order to recognize the liability of a company based on its financial statements, the firm should meet the standard definition of liability that has been provided by the conceptual framework. As per the conceptual framework, the liability is defined as a present obligation of a business that arises from the past events. Moreover, it has been noted that the settlement of this is expected to provide an outcome from the business of the resources that embodies the economic advantages (Liu Eddie, 2013). Therefore, as per the definition of IASB Framework, for a bank loan, the past events should be considered as the receipt of the loan principle. Thus, the liability to pay off the particular loan should be present from the particular day the specified firm starts receiving the principal of loan that is the time when an obligating event takes place. On the contrary, liability might not be determined in the expectation of a future compulsion such a loan from a bank i s anticipated to be taken in the time duration of two years. Therefore, from a detailed study, it can be said that all the companies require meeting the high levels of disclosure regarding the environmental liability across the world. It has been found that in case of the United States, for instance, the U.S. FASB (Financial Accounting Standard Board) have issued various provisions in the year 2002 with the aim to accounting the environmental liabilities on the properties that have been retired from the service (Battiston et al., 2016). In addition to these, the provision for accounting for the property retirement obligations that are needed by the firms for reserving the environmental liabilities that is associated with the eventual retirement of a property. This occurs at that moment only when the value of fair market can be estimated reasonably. The objective of the ruling was revelation. However, the situational nature of guessing a fair value of market might cause the firms to consider a particular position that might postpone their liability for ever by the process of mothballing the unhealthy asset (Edwards, 2013). Thus, the corporations have been found to reschedule the recognition of their environmental liabilities effectively and efficiently in the absence of the expected or pending litigation. The recognition of the liability in relation to the future restoration activity negatively affects the net profit in the present year and in the future years. However, it can also be said that this particular situation of recognition of the liability might also affect positively to the net profit in the future years. The reason behind this is that in the present years, the provision is counted for the liability in relation to the future restoration activity. Thus, the total or net profit in the present year decreases. However, on the other hand, if expenses take place regarding restoration activity in future, then the net profit in the particular future year will get decreased, but if it does not took place then net profit in the specified future year will get increased (Kabir Rahman, 2015). It can also be said that the nature of impact in case of cash flow both in the current year and in the future years will be of opposite category as that of the case of net profit. The reason beh ind this is that with the liability, the cash inflows will increase and the cash outflow will get decreased. It is very important for each company to recognize its environmental liabilities as it helps in preparing accurate financial statements. This also helps the stakeholders and the shareholders to invest in the company by understanding the actual financial position of the firm. It also helps in understanding the outflow of resources that provides with economic advantages to the firm. Moreover, this also helps in measuring the value or cost of obligation reliably (Zhang, 2013). It has been noted that the responsibility for disclosure of the environmental liability in future is considered as an increasing problem for the firms across the world. Therefore, disclosure about liability is an essential factor but it will be sufficient only when the accurate data is disclosed and confidentiality of the firm is also maintained. References Al-Htaybat, K., von Alberti-Alhtaybat, L. (2013). Management Accounting Theory Revisited: Seeking to Increase Research Relevance.International Journal of Business and Management,8(18), 12. Banerjee, B. (2014).Cost Accounting Theory and Practice. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Barthel, L. (2014). Prevalence of Accounting Theory in Top-Ranked Undergraduate Accounting Programs.Journal of Accounting and Finance,14(4), 135. Battiston, S., Farmer, D., Flache, A., Garlaschelli, D., Haldane, A., Heesterbeek, H., ... Scheffer, M. (2016). Financial complexity: Accounting for fraudResponse.Science,352(6283), 302-302. Bonin, H. (2013).Generational accounting: theory and application. Springer Science Business Media. Bryer, R. (2013). Americanism and financial accounting theoryPart 2: The modern business enterprise, America's transition to capitalism, and the genesis of management accounting.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,24(4), 273-318. Deegan, C. (2012).Australian financial accounting. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Deegan, C. (2013).Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Dobija, M., Kurek, B. (2013). Scientific provenance of accounting.International Journal of Accounting and Economics Studies,1(2), 16-24. Dyckman, T. R., Zeff, S. A. (2015). Accounting Research: Past, Present, and Future.Abacus,51(4), 511-524. Edwards, J. R. (2013).A History of Financial Accounting (RLE Accounting)(Vol. 29). Routledge. Freeman, R. J., Shoulders, C. D., Allison, G. S., Smith Jr, G. R., Becker, C. J. (2014). Governmental and nonprofit accounting: theory and practice.JPAEJOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS EDUCATION VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3, 441. Groot, T., Selto, F. (2013).Advanced management accounting. Pearson Higher Ed. Jones, S. (Ed.). (2015).The routledge companion to financial accounting theory. Routledge. Kabir, H., Rahman, A. R. (2015). The Role of Corporate Governance in Accounting Discretion: The Case of Goodwill Impairment in Australia.Available at SSRN 2630581. Liu, W., Eddie, I. A. (2013). Developments in accounting regulation.Perspectives on Accounting and Finance in China (RLE Accounting),8, 139. Miller, P., Power, M. (2013). Accounting, organizing, and economizing: Connecting accounting research and organization theory.The Academy of Management Annals,7(1), 557-605. Mohammadi, S. (2015). Full development of the theory of accounting and auditing.International Journal of Accounting and Economics Studies,3(1), 7-9. Parker, R. (2012). Comparative international accounting.Financial Times, Prentice Hall. Risthaus, T., Grimme, S. (2013). Benchmarking of London dispersion-accounting density functional theory methods on very large molecular complexes.Journal of chemical theory and computation,9(3), 1580-1591. Shouhua, Z., Chunhua, T. (2012). Environmental Accounting: Theory Review and Enlightenment [J].Accounting Research,2, 003. Van Mourik, C. (2013). Fundamental Issues in Financial Accounting and Reporting Theory.The Routledge Companion to Accounting, Reporting and Regulation, 54. Ward, T. J., James, K. L. (2015). Student Participation and Performance in a Graduate Accounting Theory Class.Academy of Educational Leadership Journal,19(2), 143. Zhang, G. (2013). Accounting standards, cost of capital, resource allocation, and welfare in a large economy.The Accounting Review,88(4), 1459-1488.