Final Exam Guide Essay Example for Free

Final Exam Guide EssayQuestion 1 How would you define favored dra succeedg cardship? What standard do you apply when evaluating attractionship success? Is it possible to predict success based on brass sectional cultures or other factors? tin examples to support your answer.SolutionSuccessful loss leadership is the ability to channel and coordinate the energy of the group to attain the desired goals of the business. It is the capacity to motivate and inspire pursuit to go beyond the distance of their perceived limitations, to rise to the challenges of the task at hand, and to seek out innovative and novel solutions. In a word, success leadership is empowering. As Eleanor Roosevelt once said, A good leader inspires people to view confidence in the leader a great leader inspires people to have confidence in themselves. A successful leadership place be evaluated by the following standards a) Example A successful leader leads by example, which is the cite to authentic le adership. This is demonstrated by working hard, making difficult decisions, taking risks, and personal sacrifices. b) Integrity There are no shortcuts to success. A successful leader is honest, dependable and uncompromising on his or her work and business ethics.c) Solid goals A successful leader has solid goals and direction, which are communicated to the team. The leader makes the team refer and take ownership of the businesss goals in order to motivate them to achieve these goals. d) Knowledge A leader is equipped with pick outledge and skills necessary for the enterprise. The leader leverages the teams best chance of success by knowing and soul the obstacles, competition and risks present in an endeavor. e) Autonomous A successful leader provides for autonomy by empowering the members to think, innovate and own the solution to a problem. f) High Expectations A successful leader expects a high level of excellence from the team. Expectations create results people want to proud of their work. However, high expectation does not mean perfection. Rather, it is nurture through experience and errors, and being accountable for ones mistakes.g) humbleness A successful leader knows the value ofteamwork and gives credit where it is due. Leadership is not about personalities it is about directing the groups efforts toward the completion of an endeavor. h) Execution A successful leader has the discipline to get things done. He or she can bridge the gap between theory and actual execution of a plan. Nagavara Ramarao Narayana Murthy is an Indian businessman and co-founder of Infosys, which was founded in 1981. Mr. Murthy served as CEO of Infosys from 1982 to 2002, and as chairman from 2002 to 2011.He stepped down from the board in 2011, and became Chairman Emeritus. Mr. Murthy embodies the ideals of a successful leadership. He is a top leader, an institution builder, and an IT legend. He empowered his executives, management team and workers. He encouraged and nurtured leadership qualities in the organization through mentoring and training. He institutionalized good values of honesty and integrity throughout the organization. Question 2 What methods exist to develop leaders in an organization? What methods does your organization use? Why? father any methods been counterproductive? In what flairs? SolutionThere are various approaches to leadership development in an organization that exit be curtly describes as follows 1) Formal Development Programs In its basic format, a formal computer program consists of a classroom seminar covering basic theories and principles of leadership. It can be in the form of a tailored development program fitted to serve the needs of the peculiar(prenominal) organization. It can in addition be open-enrollment programs offered by private and academic institutions. 2) 3600 Feedback This is also known as a multi-source feedback, and a multi-rater feedback. This method involves systematically collecting assessments of a persons performance from different sources, which typically consists of supervisors, peers, subordinates, customers, and other stakeholders. 3) administrator Coaching This method is defined as a practical, goal-oriented form of personal and one-on-one learning. Coaching is usually used to improve individual performance, enhance a career, or work through organizational issues.4) Job Assignments This method works under the assumption that experience is the best teacher. This method trains would-be leaders in an organization by giving them a variety of job assignments that will expose them to different work environments hence, it allows them to adapt, and become betterstrategic thinkers. 5) Mentoring Mentoring programs typically oppose a senior and a junior manager, but pairing can also occur between peers. Mentoring involves advising and passing on lessons learned from the senior to the junior partner. 6) Networking Some organizations include development activi ties designed to foster broader individual networks for better connection with partners in a global community. Leaders are expected to know not only the in and out of the organization, but also know who in terms of problem-solving resources. 7) Reflection Introspection and reflection can foster self-understanding and understanding from lessons learned from experience. In leadership development, reflection can be used to uncover a persons hidden goals, talents, and values, as well as their impact on a persons work.8) Action Learning This is a project-based learning method characterized by a continuous process of learning and reflection, aided by colleagues, and with an emphasis on getting things done. This method connects individual development to the process of helping organizations respond to major business problems. 9) Outdoor Challenges This is a team-building experience in an outdoor or wilderness setting, designed to overcome risk-taking fears, and to promote teamwork and le adership skills. Our organization uses formal programs to develop leaders. Recognizing that a classroom-based learning, while patrician and flexible, is limited in the actual transfer of competencies, the formal program serves as a shell under which various development methods are incorporated.Hence, the formal program is structured by combining theoretical learning and problem-based learning. Then, a 360-degree feedback is given to each participant, which serves as a basis for an in-depth reflection. For intimately people, the 360-degree feedback is difficult to handle for several(prenominal) reasons. The primary reason is an inherent resistance to permute. another(prenominal) reason is the overwhelming amount of data, which can be complex, inconsistent, and difficult to interpret and translate into an action or conduct that can correct a given problem. Mere knowledge and acceptance of ones developmental needs are not adequate to bring about change. There is a need for follow-u p guidance and support. That is why participants are also given short-term coaching to identify specific areas of concern and how to resolve these concerns.Question 3 In The Art and Science of Leadership, Nahavandi writes about the dark side of power. Provide an example. What organizational factors contributed to the leaders behavior? What were consequences of the behavior? SolutionNahavandi cites corruption as the dark side of power. An example of a scandal that shocked the corporate world was the case of the German applied science giant Siemens in 2006. A regulatory investigation revealed that hundreds of employees, spearheaded by Siemens top executives, had been siphoning millions of Euros into bogus deals to pay massive bribes to government officials and business contacts to win contracts in Russia and Nigeria. A trial judge described the scandal as a blatant disregard of business ethics and a systematic answer of organized irresponsibility that was implicitly condoned by mana gement.The scandal resulted to the departure of Siemens top executives, including then CEO Klaus Kleinfield, who was later convicted of corruption, placed on probation for 2 years, and fined 160,000 Euro for his complicity. Hans-Werner Hartmann, who was the method of accounting head in the companys telecommunications arm, was also placed on probation for 18 months and fined 40,000 Euro. The scandal cost Siemens around 2.5 billion Euro to pay for fines, reparations and damages. The truehearted was also barred from dealings with certain clients. The cost to Siemens employees, who had to endure intense public scrutiny and shame, is difficult to quantify.Organizational factors that contributed to a culture of grafting within Siemens were identified as follows an aggressive growth strategy that compelled managers to resort to bribes in order to meet performance targets a complex and matrix-like organizational structure that allowed divisions to operate independently, with no establishe d checks and balances poor accounting processesa corporate culture openly tolerant of bribes.It should be noted that bribes were tax-deductible, and were the norms, not the exceptions, in German business practice at that magazine.Question 4 What obstacles exist for leaders involved in participatory management? What methods may a leader employ to overcome these obstacles?SolutionParticipative management, also known as employee involvement and empowerment, encourages the participation of all the organizations stakeholders in the analysis of problems, development of strategies, and carrying into action of solutions. While participative management seems like a utopian ideal, leaders face many obstacles in its effective implementation.One obstacle is encouraging the participation of employees in the managerial process of planning and making decisions. Employees may not fully participate due to lack of competencies, lack of confidence, and fear of rejection. Another reason is the employe es lack of trust that his or her contributions will be valued. The presence of tension and rivalry among employees are also barriers to effective communication, and ability to work together. Leaders can address these issues by being sincere in their desire to implement participative management. Leaders should strengthen communication within the workplace, and initiate team-building activities to strengthen bonds between peers, and between employees and management. Training programs should also be initiated to develop employees competencies, leadership skills and self-confidence.Once employees are fully committed to engage in participative management, other obstacles arise, which includes the amplification of the complexity of the organizations activities and the growing volume of information that managerial decisions are based on. These can lead to difficulty in getting things done, and slow response time to issues that need fast reactions and actions. Leaders cannot solve these obs tacles alone these require the concerted effort of the entire organization.However, leaders can take the lead in commission responsibilities to reduce the hierarchic levels in the organization, and to decentralized authority so that the organization can respond to issues quickly and efficiently. Leaders can also establish feel circles, which are composed of around 8 to 10 employees along with the supervisor who share areas of responsibility among themselves. These circles can meet regularly to discuss problems in their single areas andbrainstorm for solutions, which they can later present to the entire organization as a fully developed action plan. In this way, the complexity of participative management is simplified.Another obstacle to participative management concerns security issues. It is harder to ensure confidential information go forwards within the organization when more people are involved in managerial decisions. This confidential information can include patents, and p roduct research and development. Leaders can address this obstacle by motivating employees to be accountable for their actions and to stay committed to the company by valuing their contributions. Question 5 What are some reasons employees and managers resist change? As a leader, what methods would you use to help employees and managers adapt to change? SolutionAdaptability to change is a prerequisite to become successful in the modern world characterized by increasing global awareness and fast dollar volume of technology. Organizations must respond to change and be willing to change to retain their competitive edge and relevance. However, implementing organizational changes are daunting for leaders, not least because most employees and managers resist change. The common reasons why employees resist change are the following change promotes fear, insecurity and uncertainty,difference in perception and lack of understanding,reaction against the way change is presented,cynicism and lac k of trust,and threats to vested interest.In order to overcome resistance to change, leaders can involve workers in the change process by openly communicating about the need for change, providing consultation to alleviate employees fears, and being sensitive to employees concerns. In order to implement change, leaders must decide on the method they will use to overcome resistance to change, and modify behavior. The three-step approach is an example of such a method it is characterized by three basic stages unfreezing, changing, and refreezing. 1) Unfreezing Most people prefer to maintain the status quo, which isassociated with stability, rather than confronting the need for change. The starting stage, therefore, of a change process must involve unfreezing old behaviors, processes, and structures.This stage develops an awareness of the need for change, and the forces that supports and resists change. sensation is facilitated with one-on-one discussions, presentations to groups, mem os, reports, company newsletter, seminars, and demonstrations. These activities are designed to educate employees about the deficiencies of the current set-up and the benefits of the replacement. 2) Changing This stage focuses on learning new behaviors, and implementing the change. Change is facilitated when employees become uneasy with the identified deficiencies of the old system, and are presented with new behaviors, role models, and support structures. 3) Refreezing This stage focuses on reinforcing new behaviors, usually done by positive results, public recognition, and rewards.